Everyday Hybridity

Dr Paul O'Connor
Sociology/Cultural Studies/Anthropology
Hong Kong/Ethnicity/Everyday Life
Lecturing in Anthropology at CUHK

Author of "Islam in Hong Kong: Muslims and Everyday Life in China's World City"
Hong Kong University Press 2012


This blog discusses my research on Muslims, religious minorities, and ethnicity in Hong Kong. It also looks at social theory, and everyday life academia, issues of multiculturalism, racism in Hong Kong, visual culture, skateboarding culture, and prefigurative politics.

contact: Dr Paul O'Connor
everydayhybridity@gmail.com
http://uq.academia.edu/PaulOConnor
twitter.com/peejayohhsee

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  1. Bauman Posits Solidarity
An interesting, and optimistic article by Bauman on solidarity In Eurozine. It covers some very familiar terrain, but at the same time we see Bauman venturing a little further with ideas about how to tackle our contemporary problems. He notes…

Do you want solidarity? If so, face and get to grips with the routine of the mundane; with its logic or its inanity, with the powers of its demands, commands and prohibitions. And measure your strength against the patterns of daily pursuits of those people who shaped history while being shaped by it.

Highlighting that there are some serious challenges for us as liquid modern beings, to actually cope and deal with the dullness of commitment to political change. Our solidarity comes with the burden of the mundane.
Setting out a schema for what we do need for solidarity, he turns to Richard Sennett, who has proposed ‘informal, open-ended, co-operation’. This strikes me as being very much aligned with the notion of prefigurative politics. The focus being on the method, rather than the result. Bauman also leaves us with the notion that co-operation, solidarity, and functioning community, all leave us with increased knowledge. We become enriched not because of what we gained, but because of what we experienced. Wisdom becomes knowing how little you know.

    Bauman Posits Solidarity

    An interesting, and optimistic article by Bauman on solidarity In Eurozine. It covers some very familiar terrain, but at the same time we see Bauman venturing a little further with ideas about how to tackle our contemporary problems. He notes…

    Do you want solidarity? If so, face and get to grips with the routine of the mundane; with its logic or its inanity, with the powers of its demands, commands and prohibitions. And measure your strength against the patterns of daily pursuits of those people who shaped history while being shaped by it.

    Highlighting that there are some serious challenges for us as liquid modern beings, to actually cope and deal with the dullness of commitment to political change. Our solidarity comes with the burden of the mundane.

    Setting out a schema for what we do need for solidarity, he turns to Richard Sennett, who has proposed ‘informal, open-ended, co-operation’. This strikes me as being very much aligned with the notion of prefigurative politics. The focus being on the method, rather than the result. Bauman also leaves us with the notion that co-operation, solidarity, and functioning community, all leave us with increased knowledge. We become enriched not because of what we gained, but because of what we experienced. Wisdom becomes knowing how little you know.

     
     
  2. I am currently reading Liquid Surveillance by Zygmunt Bauman and David Lyon. It is another one of Bauman’s conversational books where we read a dialogue, this time between him and Lyon. This format actually works quite well in this debate as Lyon tries to lead Bauman into areas where he has not made unambiguous declarations. Such forays aren’t always as successful as one would hope, alas we are fascinated by Bauman not because of what he doesn’t say but because of what he does say.
The points I wanted to make about this text resonate with its focus on technologies of surveillance. From an academic point of view the development of the network as something more important than community is really key. The Social Sciences are paying serious attention to social networking sites, but it almost seems that there needs to be an overarching  critical academic approach to it. something like ‘networkology’, that works with the foundations provided by sociology, anthropology, psychology and media and cultural studies, and then uses it to take account of how central social networking and media sites are in everyday life.
Bauman makes the point that the network is not like community, there isn’t a shared outlook, or similar geography, a shared culture or national perspective. Think of your Facebook friends or your Tumblr followers, you are the only thing that all of them share in common. Accordingly with such fragile ‘liquid’ bonds, network nodes work with a shady individualisation. The truth of the matter is that they are a series of disconnections that can be interconnected, but need not. Quoting Robert Dunbar, the human brain is suited for knowledge of up to 150 people, or 150 ‘meaningful relationships’. Facebook friends are thus a collection of acquaintances, unknowns, old friends, and intimates, muddled up with family too. Sharing information with such a vast array of people models an uneasy truth about the world…we know that we readily give ourselves over to methods of DIY surveillance, our phones, our loyalty cards, our Facebook accounts, but at the same time the fear is not ‘big brother is watching you’, it is the fear of exclusion, of being redundant, wasted, or forgotten that haunts the contemporary denizens of Bauman’s liquid modern world. This visibility is key and the network (both virtual and real world) is now tended with greater care than our community and cultural ties.
There is much more to this book. Some excellent debate on drones, remote surveillance, and even some revisiting of concepts from Modernity and the Holocaust. Notions of the value of technology, of the capacity for it to reflect human strengths and weaknesses, all provide stimulating reading.

    I am currently reading Liquid Surveillance by Zygmunt Bauman and David Lyon. It is another one of Bauman’s conversational books where we read a dialogue, this time between him and Lyon. This format actually works quite well in this debate as Lyon tries to lead Bauman into areas where he has not made unambiguous declarations. Such forays aren’t always as successful as one would hope, alas we are fascinated by Bauman not because of what he doesn’t say but because of what he does say.

    The points I wanted to make about this text resonate with its focus on technologies of surveillance. From an academic point of view the development of the network as something more important than community is really key. The Social Sciences are paying serious attention to social networking sites, but it almost seems that there needs to be an overarching  critical academic approach to it. something like ‘networkology’, that works with the foundations provided by sociology, anthropology, psychology and media and cultural studies, and then uses it to take account of how central social networking and media sites are in everyday life.

    Bauman makes the point that the network is not like community, there isn’t a shared outlook, or similar geography, a shared culture or national perspective. Think of your Facebook friends or your Tumblr followers, you are the only thing that all of them share in common. Accordingly with such fragile ‘liquid’ bonds, network nodes work with a shady individualisation. The truth of the matter is that they are a series of disconnections that can be interconnected, but need not. Quoting Robert Dunbar, the human brain is suited for knowledge of up to 150 people, or 150 ‘meaningful relationships’. Facebook friends are thus a collection of acquaintances, unknowns, old friends, and intimates, muddled up with family too. Sharing information with such a vast array of people models an uneasy truth about the world…we know that we readily give ourselves over to methods of DIY surveillance, our phones, our loyalty cards, our Facebook accounts, but at the same time the fear is not ‘big brother is watching you’, it is the fear of exclusion, of being redundant, wasted, or forgotten that haunts the contemporary denizens of Bauman’s liquid modern world. This visibility is key and the network (both virtual and real world) is now tended with greater care than our community and cultural ties.

    There is much more to this book. Some excellent debate on drones, remote surveillance, and even some revisiting of concepts from Modernity and the Holocaust. Notions of the value of technology, of the capacity for it to reflect human strengths and weaknesses, all provide stimulating reading.

     
     
  3. "The messages addressed from the sites of political power to the resourceful and the hapless alike present ‘more flexibility’ as the sole cure for an already unbearable insecurity - and so paint the prospect of yet more uncertainty, yet more privatization of troubles, yet more loneliness and impotence, and indeed more uncertainty still. They preclude the possibility of existential security which rests on collective foundations and so offer no inducement to solidary actions; instead, they encourage their listeners to focus on their individual survival in the style of ‘everyone for himself, and the devil take the hindmost’ - in an incurably fragmented and atomized, and so increasingly uncertain and unpredictable world."
    — Zygmunt Bauman (2007). Liquid Times: Living in an Age of Uncertainty. Polity Press, p. 14. (via silentlucidities)
     
     
  4. "Our lives, whether we know it or not and whether we relish the fact or bewail it, are works of art."
    — Zygmunt Bauman (via theprospectoflove)
     
     
  5. These are some photos from the Chinasmack blog. They show Sanya beach in China the day after the mid-autumn festival. A huge amount of rubbish was left on the beach. 

    It is especially worrying when we see our waste in a natural setting like this. Go camping for a couple of days, and it is quite horrifying how much waste we produce.

    Zygmunt Bauman’s (too often overlooked) Wasted Lives, focusses on the nature of waste in the contemporary world. He equates our propensity to discard things as clearly an environmental and economic ill. But he goes further and draws a number of parallels between this tendency to throw out what has been “used” and our wasteful and careless regard of fellow humans. The commodification of all life has thus rendered people as disposable. Here he looks not just at the idea of collateral damage in war, but also redundancy, how the welfare state has been rescinded, body parts cut off-reshaped-or augmented, and also how relationships have been cast aside if they no longer measure up to our individually crafted “life projects”, current trends, and desires. It fits the schema of his liquid modernity quite aptly, and follows on from his Individualized Society.

    Sanya beach, our humanity?

     
     
  6. Rock Music, Liquid Culture and Zygmunt Bauman

    At the beginning of this month a band that I followed avidly in my late teens released their latest record. In fact it was their fourth release. They recorded two albums in the early 90’s and they released their third in 2010. Basically they had a long break. What has surprised me in their reforming is that they have simply picked up where the left off. They make the same type of music that I loved as a teenager, and that still resonates with me today. I think everyone loves the music of their youth, but this band…I was surprised that their new music was so good. Then I realised how little rock music is around now in popular culture. You have to seek it out.

    So what I am pondering is what has happened to music in the last 20 years? Specifically what has happened to rock music? Huge bands like the Foo Fighters, and the Red Hot Chilli Peppers still sell loads of CD’s and rack up plenty of downloads whilst also filling up stadiums. Yet new bands with similar sounds are getting into the mainstream. Indie rock, and niche metal bands have replaced rock music. So I began to think about this in relation to Midway Still, my old and continuing favourite band. A friend posted a comment on a forum asking “why don’t kids like this stuff…they prefer their indie dirge.” And then I read a review of their new album and it questioned how the band would fit into the contemporary music scene. But the biggest question of all is why in an era of extreme musical eclecticism, has rock music fallen by the wayside? Listening to Abba, Brahms, Jay-z, and Hendrix back to back is arguably considered the height of cultured engagement. But why has rock music become so peripheral?

    So turning to Bauman’s critique of modern liquid life we can explore the notions of culture in a more considered way. Bauman writes that in the past culture was separate, it was high (going to the opera) and it was low (betting on greyhounds) and they did not mix. Culture had demarcations and part of knowing what to do was also knowing what not to do. Contemporary culture is omnivorous, sticking to one fashion, one ideal, one conviction is perceived as a cultural death sentence. Instead high culture has transferred to the essence of malleability, change, and progress. With it the caprices of modern life lay waste to a series of cultural artefacts, fashions, hobbies, and diets that speak of no particular conviction other than mobility.

    So what of rock music? Why has that not been incorporated into the smorgasbord of ecletica that litters modern cultural life? Perhaps it makes less accessible ring tones, perhaps it simply isn’t as accessible as other forms of music. If we consider one old rocker, Chris Cornell, who has shed the shackles of his genre we can see an artist who has flittered between different musical roles, lead singer of an iconic rock band, solo artist, lead singer of engineered rock supergroup, soundtrack artist, solo electronic artist. Even Bob Mould has reinvented himself and continues to enjoy wide recognition. In fact there has been so much rebooted rock that it has perhaps smothered the success of other rock bands, or even as this article suggests new music in general. 

    A recent news report shows concern that too many small music venues are closing across the UK. What this means for new talent is all too obvious. But there have also been optimistic reports that rock music is in its first steps of a new resurgence.

    But still my question persists. What is it about our contemporary attitudes to music that have meant that the genre of loud guitars and loud drums has fallen so dramatically out of popular favour. And by this I am questioning why it hasn’t been consumed so egregiously as other musical tropes in the mashup of contemporary popular culture?

    To sign out, here is some new old rock

     
     
  7. I remember being 16 and my father was driving me into town. He explained that he had been reading a book by Charles Handy called ‘The Age of Unreason’. He told me that my generation will be the first to face the harsh reality that we may not supersede or even match the achievements, wealth, and status of our own parents. I read the book too and it was indeed prescient about the dramatic social changes that were to unfold in the world of work.

    What Zygmunt Bauman captures in this short piece from the Guardian Newspaper, is that those realities are now becoming entrenched. It perfectly fits the schema of his ‘liquid Modernity’ in which change is unpredictable fluid and capricious. Studying for any qualifications with the hope of specific employment is quite a radical gesture in a world in which castles are made of sand.

    Bauman’s piece does seem to have addressed an issue that has been shouting quite loudly at society for a rather long time. Earlier this week I post the book ‘Cruel Optimism’ and I think that really looks at the issue of perception. It is not so much about donward mobility as it is about vast social change. Many of the issues that upward social mobility would bring are currently un-attachable from the economic system which is destroying the planet and deracinating people. 

    Just like in Charles Handy’s book, the frog will slowly let itself get boiled to death. Our ignorance about the change we are subsumed in is ultimately the catalyst to our plight.

     
     
  8. "Having no permanent bonds, the denizen of our liquid modern society must tie whatever bonds they can to engage with others, using their own wits, skill and dedication. But none of these bonds are guaranteed to last. Moreover, they must be tied loosely so that they can be untied again, quickly and as effortlessly as possible, when circumstances change — as they surely will in our liquid modern society, over and over again."
    — Zygmunt  Bauman (via wherethewavebroke)
     
     
  9. Just spotted this review. It is indeed a great book and I am always advocating Bauman as a guide for modern life. I think this was the second book of his I ever read and one that really got the hook in.

    lutespd:

    Work, Consumerism and the New Poor
    “It will be of great interest and value to students, teachers and researchers in sociology and social policy; but it would be good if it were to be read by politicians, journalists and the person in the street too…. It is not possible to convey all the richness…

     
     
  10. The pile of books on my desk.
The top 3 I am revisiting, the middle 3 I have yet to start, the bottom 2 I have nearly finished. All this and I am also compiling the index for my own book.
Books, books, books…

    The pile of books on my desk.

    The top 3 I am revisiting, the middle 3 I have yet to start, the bottom 2 I have nearly finished. All this and I am also compiling the index for my own book.

    Books, books, books…